Poland
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About Poland
Poland is officially the Republic of Poland is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west, the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south, Ukraine and Belarus to the east and the Baltic Sea to the north, Lithuania and Russia (in form of the Kaliningrad enclave) to the east. Poland shares maritime borders with Denmark and Sweden. With an area of 312 679 km ², Poland is the world’s 69th largest and the 9th largest in Europe. Poland’s population is 38.5 million inhabitants, making it the 33rd most populated country in the world.
The first Polish state was born in 966 in a territory which Poland’s modern boundaries. Poland became a kingdom in 1025 and in 1569 went into a long lasting union with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and formed the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Real Union was among the most magftulde, richest and most populous states in Europe during its existence (1569-1795) and was typical of a powerful nobility (szlachta), which accounted for 15 percent of the total population. For comparison, the corresponding percentages in France at the time 1.5%, while in England was 1.5-3%. The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was a highly diverse state with a significant number of ethnicities and with an accompanying pronounced religious freedom in regard to Europe’s remaining states. Real Union was dissolved in 1795, and Poland was divided among its neighbors Russia, Prussia and Austria. Poland won its independence back in 1918 after first World War II. In 1926 completed General Pilsudski coup and made the country into a dictatorship. During the second World War, Poland was occupied by Greater Germany. After the war, Poland was transformed into a communist “Eastern bloc country” under Soviet control. After years of political battles Poland abolished the commu-Semitic regime in 1989, and the country became informally known as the “Third Polish Republic”.
Today Poland is a parliamentary democracy consisting of sixteen voivodship and is the sixth most populous EU member country. The country is also a member of NATO, UN, OECD, WTO and several other international organizations.
History of Poland
Poland’s history begins in the 10th century, when the Piast family, who ruled the area, defeated and joined several Slavic tribes. In 966 Poland received Christianity from the Czech Republic.
In 1569 entered Poland and Lithuania Lublinunionen and formed “Republic of two nations.”
“The Republic” (actually “Samvældet”), which partially covered the area in the current Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Belarus, Ukraine (part), Romania (part) and Russia (part), was divided between its neighbors – Russia, Prussia and Austria in 1772, 1793 and finally in 1795 (Poland’s three platoons), when Poland disappeared from the map of Europe as a state. Poland regained its freedom on 11 november 1918th In 1926 completed General Pilsudski coup and imposed dictatorship. The first September 1939 Germany attacked the country, aided by Soviet troops on 17 September 1939 as a result of the Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact (signed by Germany and the Soviet Union on Aug. 23, 1939).
Thus, the division of Poland between Germany and the Soviet Union enforced. The Polish territory was occupied by the Soviet Union and Germany until 1941, when Germany attacked the USSR and the Germans captured the entire Polish territory from the Soviets. Hitler’s regime took extra hard to against the Polish civilian population. The Germans murdered over six million Polish citizens, of whom over half were Jews. Additionally or material damage: among other Warsaw was razed to the ground. Many of the German extermination and labor camps by Nazi victims were transported to, was built on Polish soil during the German occupation. Soviet oppressed also the Polish population in which the mass murder of Polish officers in Katyn massacre is one example. Soviet sent hundreds of thousands of Poles to work camps such as in Siberia and Kazakhstan. The republic was restored after the war, but because of Soviet-British-American agreements were borders shifted westward, and Poland became a communist dictatorship ruled by the Soviet Union. In the 1980s fought the Poles themselves greater independence through the first free trade union Solidarity led by Lech Wa??sa. It led to Poland as the first Communist country behind the Iron Curtain introduced free elections and broke with the Communist regime in 1989. Poland from joining NATO in 1999 and EU membership in 2004.
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