Mongolia
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About Mongolia
Mongolia in some contexts referred to as Outer Mongolia (to distinguish between the Chinese province of Inner Mongolia) is an independent state located in East and Central Asia. The country is a landlocked country that borders Russia to the north and China to the south, east and west. Mongolia has a land area of 1,594,116 km ² and is the world’s 19th largest state in terms of area. With a population of just over three million have Mongolia also the lowest population densities in the world. Ulan Bator, who in 2008 had just over one million inhabitants, is the nation’s capital and largest city.
The area which today constitutes Mongolia has throughout history been ruled by several nomadic empires, including xiongnu, xianbei, rouran and göktürkerne. Land area was also the center of the Mongol empire, established by Genghis Khan in 1206th Empire was the largest contiguous empire in world history, and stretched at its height over an area of 35 million square kilometers and included more than 100 million people. After the Yuan dynasty collapse in 1368 became the country’s area again limited to the area which today constitutes Mongolia. Towards the end of the 17th century, the majority of the land conquered and incorporated into the Qing Dynasty. After the Qing dynasty’s collapse in 1912 Mongolia declared itself independent, but the country level to establish an independent government and was in fact not independent until almost a decade later, in 1921. The country also had to wait until 1945 to gain international recognition. As a result of this country came under strong Russian and Soviet influence, and in 1924 became the People’s Republic of Mongolia established. After the many revolutions in Eastern Europe Autumn 1989 saw Mongolia an own revolution in 1990, something which led to the communist regime’s fall and the establishment of a new constitution in 1992.
Mongolia is now a parliamentary republic. Besides being the world’s 19th largest state, is Mongolia also the world’s second-largest landlocked country after Kazakhstan. The country contains few cultivated fields, and consists mostly of steppe areas surrounded by the Gobi Desert in southern and mountain areas in north and west. Approximately 30% of the country’s three million inhabitants are nomadic or semi-nomadic.
History of Mongolia
The Mongols were nomads who moved around in their tents. In the 12th century ended several Mongol and Turkic tribes together in modern Mongolia, and thence came the Mongol Empire. Empire grew steadily after Genghis Khan was appointed as the Mongol leader in 1206th At its peak the empire stretched from the Sea of Japan to the Danube and from Siberia to Cambodia, including China, Russia, Persia and much of the Middle East and Eastern Europe. The Mongolian soldiers were excellent marksmen and experts warfare on horseback. In Western Europe feared therefore correct the Mongolian army.
Empire began to disintegrate after a succession war in 1260-1264. Then it was the Golden Horde and several other khan de facto independent and refusing to accept Kublai Khan as their leader. Only in 1304 was the Mongol khan again together, but with the Yuan dynasty collapse in 1368, was the Mongol empire finally dissolved.
Towards the end of the 17th century, the majority of the land conquered and incorporated into the Qing Dynasty. After the Qing dynasty’s collapse in 1912 Mongolia declared itself independent.
Mongolia in 1921 broke the link with China, with support from the Soviet Union. In 1921 Mongolia an independent communist state, however, was strongly associated with the Soviet Union. In 1924 the Mongolian People’s Republic established. With the fall of communism in the Soviet Union, had also fallen regime in Mongolia, and in 1990 became the first democratic elections held. The democratic government which, as I said not fared so well as in an election for a few years ago, the Communist party elected to lead the country again, but it has not changed much on the problems. Like all other post-communist countries, Mongolia subsequently switched to a market economy, which has increased the divide between rich and poor. Unemployment and social problems have followed in the wake of this development.
Today there are still major economic problems but it is quietly forward again. Currently, the Mongolian President is Nambaryn Enkhbayar and their Prime Minister Sanjaagiin Bayar.
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