Mali
Southern Africa to Mali or Mali to South Africa?
Great value airliner fares from South Africa to Mali or find affordable airliner deals from Mali to South Africa. Locate the awesome deals on air tickets, in addition to foremost Mali flier prices. Get the latest on the latest ticket specials for Mali on the site.
Mali, officially the Republic of Mali is a landlocked country in West Africa. Mali is the seventh largest country in Africa and bordered to the north of Algeria to the east of Niger, south to Burkina Faso and Ivory Coast, southwest to Guinea and westward to Senegal and Mauritania.
Today Mali was once part of three West African kingdoms, which controls leading Trans-Saharan trade, Ghana Empire Mali Empire (which Mali is named after) and the Songhai Empire. Late in the 1800s came Mali under French control and became part of French Sudan. Mali gained its independence in 1959 together with Senegal, as the Federation of Mali. A year later, the Federation of Mali, an independent nation in 1960. After a long single-party led a coup in 1991 to the writing of a new constitution and the establishment of Mali as a democratic multiparty state.
Mali is a constitutional democracy divided into 8 regions. Mali’s northern borders after the middle of the Sahara, while the southern region, where most residents live, has the rivers Niger and Senegal lying. The country’s economic structure is composed mainly of agriculture and fisheries. Some of Mali’s natural resources are gold, uranium and salt. Because of the great poverty in the country, Mali is considered as one of the world’s poorest countries.
The Malian population is estimated at 12 million, engulfing the ethnic groups of Sub-Saharan Africa that have historical, cultural, linguistic and religious similarities. French is the official language and Islam is the predominant religion in the country. The country has a varied everyday culture because of its ethnic and geographic diversity.
History
Mali was once part of three West African kingdoms, which controls leading Trans-Saharan trade in gold, salt and other goods. These Saharan kingdoms had no strict geopolitical boundaries nor ethnic identities. [5] The oldest of these realms was the Ghana Empire, which was dominated by soninkérne, a man-speaking peoples. The nation was expanding in West Africa from the 8th century until 1078, when it was occupied by the Almoravids.
Peak of the Mali Empire’s expansion
Mali Empire, which was later made into the upper Niger River, got a big boost in the 14th century. During the Mali Empire, were the ancient cities Djenne and Timbuktu center of both trade and the doctrine of Islam of maturing later as a result of internal intrigue and were supplanted by the Songhai Empire in the 15th century. Songhai people had its origin in the current northwestern Nigeria. Songhai Empire had long been a strong regime in West Africa and were left as a subject of the Mali Empire’s rule. In the late 14th century, got Songhai its independence from the Mali Empire, expanded and included the eastern part of the Mali Empire. Empire’s collapse was mostly the result of Berber invasion in 1591. Songhai Empire’s fall marked the end of the region’s role as a trader intersection. Followed by European forces, establishment of Sea Route, lost Trans-Saharan trade routes, its significance.
In colonial times, fell Mali under French control late in the 1800s. In 1905, most of the area under French control as a part of French Sudan. Early in 1959 Joined Mali and Senegal to the Federation Mali. The Federation achieved independence from France 20th June 1960. Senegal withdrew from the federation in August 1960th Modibo Keita was elected the first president and established a one-party state and established an independent African and socialist orientation, which had close ties with East and implementerde ektensiv nationalization of economic resources.
In November 1968, which followed the economic decline lodging, Keita’s regime was overthrown in a non-bloody military coup led by Moussa Traore. The following military-led regime, with Traoré as president, tried to transform the economy in the country. However, his attempt foiled by political turmul and a devastating drought between 1968 and 1974. Traore’s regime met incipient unrest in late 1970-figures and three coup attempts. However suppressed Traore regime all inequalities until the late 1980s. The government continued to attempt economic reforms and the general became increasingly disgruntled. Growing demands for a flerpartisk democracy meant that Traore’s regime allowed limited political liberasering but refused to initiate a fully democratic system. In 1990, cohesive opposition movements to emerge and was complicated by the increasing ethnic violence in the north, followed by Tuareg return to Mali. Anti-government protests in 1991 led to a coup, a transitional government and a new constitution. In 1992, won the Alpha Oumar Konaré Mali’s first multiparty elections. In his re-election in 1997, put the president Konaré time in political and remuneration be reforms and fought corruption. In 2002, Amadou Toumani Touré won the election, which was formerly Army and leader of the military aspect of the democratic uprising in 1991. Today, Mali, one of the most politically and socially stable countries in Africa.
Malta & Maldives