Madagascar
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About Madagascar
Madagascar is an island nation in the Indian Ocean, located 400 km from Mozambique on Africa’s east coast. With its 590.000 km ² is the main island, also called Madagascar, Earth’s fourth largest island. It was separated from Africa millions of years ago. It is populated by people of mixed African and Indonesian ancestry. It is home to five percent of the world’s plant and animal species, of which 80 percent are unique to Madagascar. Among the most notable examples of biodiversity are primate lemurs, three endemic bird families and baobab tree. The most widely spoken language in Madagascar is Malagasy.
The island is the world’s eighth most populated island.
Madagascar has no real seasons. They have a warm “winter” and a hot summer.
Madagascar history
Madagascar’s written history begins in the seventh century, when Arabs established trading posts along the northwest coast. Contact with Europeans began in 1500-century when the Portuguese captain Diego Dias spotted on the island after his ship had come away from a fleet that was heading towards India. In the late 17th century, the French established trading posts along the east coast. From about 1774 to 1824, it was among the pirates’ favorite places to raid.
In the Middle Ages began the chiefs of the various settlements on the island to expand their power through trade with neighbors Madagascar in the Indian Ocean, particularly in North Africa, Middle East and India. Large chiefdoms began to dominate the considerable areas of the island. Among these were the Sakalava chiefdoms Menabe whose center lay in the present town of Morondava, and Boina whose center was located in the current provincial capital of Mahajanga. Sakalava influence was spread over the present provinces of Antsiranana, Mahajanga and Toliara. But with the Royal Navy’s dominance in the Indian Ocean and the Arab slave trade end, the Sakalava would lose power to the emerging Merina threat. A transition was betsimisarakaerne from the east coast also unified, but it was short-lived.
From the 1790s succeeded Merina rulers and to achieve hegemony over most of the island and also the coast. In 1817 included Merina ruler and the British governor of Mauritius a treaty abolishing the slave trade, which had been an important element in the Malagasy economy. In return, the island received military and economic aid from the British. In several årtider was the strong British influence, under which the Merina court converted to presbyterianismen, kongregationalismen and the Anglican Church.
The British accepted the imposition of French protectorate over Madagascar in 1885, opposed to eventually gain control over Zanzibar (now part of Tanzania) and as part of an overall definition of the area’s spheres of influence .. Absolute French control over Madagascar was established by military force in 1895-1896, and the Merina monarchy was abolished. In December 1904, the Russian Baltic fleet stays at Diego Suarez for loading coal and provisions before they continued toward their fateful meeting with the Japanese fleet in the Battle of Tsushima. Before the Russian sailors left the harbor, they had to put ashore the animals they had acquired, including monkeys, boa constrictors and one crocodile.
During the second World War II, Malagasy troops fought in France, Morocco and Syria. Immediately before the fall of France, Germany initiated planning to forcibly deport all European Jews to Madagascar, known as the Madagascar Plan. The plan was never begun. After France fell to Germany, the Vichy government of Madagascar. British troops occupied the strategically located island in 1942, to prevent that would be occupied by Japan. Britain ceded the island to the Free French Forces in 1943.
In 1947, with French prestige at low ebb, a nationalist uprising put down after months of bitter fighting. France created in 1956 reformed institutions under the Loi Cadre plan and Madagascar moved into placid toward independence. Malagasy Republic was proclaimed on 14 October 1958, as an autonomous state within the French Community. A period of provisional government ended with the adoption of the Constitution in 1959 and full independence on 26 June 1960.
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