El Salvador
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El Salvador is the most densely populated country in Central America with a population of approx. 6.9 million. Who live in an area of approx. 21.000 km ².
It borders Honduras and Guatemala, and has a 307 km long coastline of the Pacific Ocean. The capital is San Salvador, and the highest point is Cerro El capital at 2,730 m.
The name El Salvador is Spanish and means ‘Savior’.
History
The first traces of humans in Cuscatlan, as the area was called before the Spaniards arrival, dates from around 1500 BC, which is found Mayan ruins.
Spaniards arrived in 1522 the first time to a small island off the coast of what would later become El Salvador. In 1524 they went to attack at Cuscatlan, but after a prolonged battle, they had to withdraw to Guatemala. Later they returned and founded the San Salvador the following year. For several centuries thereafter was El Salvador, a Spanish colony, but in 1811 was the Spanish domination no longer as strong, and inspired by the revolutions in France and the United States some years earlier declared El Salvador along with other territories in the region itself independent of Spain under the name Central America United States in 1823. This polity held for only 1838, when El Salvador became an independent republic.
The young republic were characterized by a series of revolutions and uprisings. Towards the end of the 19th Century El Salvador took the initiative to even a collection of states in the region known as Central United States, but failed again efforts were crowned with success.
The country had huge earnings from coffee exports, but this went almost exclusively to a small powerful elite, who also sat on political power. The successive governments have concentrated on supporting the coffee industry in the development of its infrastructure. During Pedro José Escalón country experienced a relatively stable period from the early 20th century to the depression in the early 1930s after the Wall Street crash. In 1932, a major uprising by peasants and Indians, led by the new Communist Party brutally down by more than 20,000 victims. After this uprising, El Salvador, in practice a military dictatorship until 1979.
Throughout the 1950s El Salvador experienced significant economic progress. But in the late 1960s, relations with neighboring Honduras worse, and it endet in the so-called Football War in July 1969. The war lasted, although not more than four days, but the controversies between the two countries was only completed with a border agreement in 1992.
In the period 1980-1992 increased resistance against the military dictatorship backed by the country’s few truly wealthy families and right-wing groups with the infamous death squads. The conflict was armed. U.S. pushed through an election, and sent military advisers to the country to train government forces who were already strongly supported by the U.S.. Left parties, popular movements and the socialist FDR joined together in the FMLN-FDR.Borgerkrigen cost about 75,000 lives. FMLN had great economic and popular support in El Salvador, support from solidarity movements and governments in the Western world, as well as military aid and training from Cuba and Nicaragua, which also treated many wounded from the war. The conflict in El Salvador are mistakenly interpreted as a conflict created by the Cold War, but it was due to domestic reasons and a struggle for the establishment of democracy and democratic rights for all citizens of the country. After the ceasefire, peace agreement of 16 January 1992 and subsequent electoral success of the FMLN to get greater and greater electoral success and winning local elections in many major cities, particularly capital, and a significant political influence in parliament.
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